基于局部直方图的目标分割方法

图像分割是图像精确跟踪中的重要组成部分 ,是后续进行图像识别的基础。在介绍传统阈值分割方法的基础上 ,提出了一种应用序列图像跟踪、利用跟踪区域的局部直方图来计算分割阈值的方法。该方法利用相邻两帧图像数据的相关性 ,根据跟踪区域的灰度信息自动调节每帧图像的分割阈值 ,使在跟踪区域内的目标得到了较好的分割效果。运用该算法 ,不仅取得了良好的分割效果 ,而且结果证明该算法具有较强的自适应性     

圆柱面波的复惠更斯源展开

本文提出一种分析波场问题的新方法——复惠更斯源展开法,它用具有复数坐标的次波源代替普通的次波源,根据复射线理论求解各次波源的贡献,并按叠加原理而构成初波源的场.文中讨论了二维波场的这种展开.只要适当选择展开参量,该方法相对于严格理论解的误差不大于1%.     

提升和投射具有伪轨跟踪性质或可扩性的连续流

本文证明了紧度量空间上的连续流经提升或投射后，其伪轨跟踪性质及可扩性是不变的；做为应用给出了不定向闭曲面上具有伪轨跟踪性质的Ｃｒ流的特征。     

Ray tracing studies of a complete plane grating monochromator beam line

Optical design of a plane grating monochromator beam line for X-ray spectroscopic studies to be installed on INDUS-1 is studied using ray tracing technique. The main components of the beam line are pre- and post-elliptical mirrors and the plane mirror-grating dispersing system. The ideal positions of the optical components are decided by using our analytical formulation of the Riemer’s kinetic principle for reflecting synchrotron radiation onto the same spot of the dispersing grating. The program is developed indigenously and can be used on a PC. The tangent error and microroughness of the mirrors is explicitly accounted for in the program. The wavelength dependent absorption of radiation at the different reflecting surfaces is also included for calculations of the optical throughput. The dependence of the final image line shape and resolution on various beam line parameters is calculated. The results are useful in deciding the tolerances of the various beam line components and their positions.     

基于可视化荷载路径的结构混凝土拉-压杆模型

通过荷载路径可以直观地了解结构实现其功能的方式。本文首先根据荷载路径的定义，介绍一种基于平衡原理，将有限元方法和流线追踪算法结合，确定二维线弹性结构中荷载路径的方法。采用这种方法结合商用有限元软件Algor13和商用数据处理软件Tecplot9．0，把前者得到的结构应力计算结果及对应的有限元网格信息通过数据文件输入后者，以得到结构内连续的可视化荷载路径。最后，本文将这种方法用于确定牛腿结构中的可视化荷载路径，并在此基础上建立该结构的拉杆-压杆模型。     

衍射光学器件光线追迹公式的实验验证

本文介绍了一种衍射光学器件光线追迹的方法，并给出了计算公式。作为验证，在实验室里制作了具有连续相位的体全息器件，将其实际再现光斑与计算点列图进行比较。构造透射体全息片的物光为离轴的球面波，始于轴外点Ａ（０，１３２ｓｉｎ８°，－１３２ｃｏｓ８°），参考光为平面光束，其与Ｚ轴夹角为１７°。激光器采用氩离子激光器（Ｓｐｅｃｔｒａ－ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓＭｏｄｅｌ２０２０），波长４８８ｎｍ；干板感光胶为重铬酸明胶（ＤＣＧ），胶层厚为１５μｍ；通光口径３０ｎｍ。测试时把全息片放在干板的位置。挡住物光，让再现光以和参考光路相同的路径平行入射到全息片上，在全息片后垂直光轴放置毛玻璃片，平行光轴移动毛玻璃片，可观察到－１级衍射光的变化。在距离原点的距离分别为（ａ）４０ｍｍ，（ｂ）７０ｍｍ，（ｃ）８７ｍｍ，（ｄ）９５ｍｍ的地方用ＣＣＤ拍摄了衍射光的形状，与程序计算的点列图在形状和大小上都吻合     

新型无象差展宽器色散量的光线追迹计算法

对无象差展宽器的结构进行了改进，利用光线追迹法计算出其色散量，分析了展宽结果与展宽器各参量的关系，数值模拟了飞秒脉冲的展宽过程，为该展宽器的优化设计与精细调节提供了依据。     

Modeling for optical ray tracing and error analysis

One of the most popular mathematical tools in fields of robotics, mechanisms, and computer graphics is the 4×4 homogeneous transformation matrix. We extend the use of that matrix to the optical domain of:

(1) skew ray tracing to determine the paths of skew rays; and

(2) error analysis to investigate the various deviations of imagines due to imperfect placement of optical elements.

In order to trace a skew ray, the reflection and refraction laws of optics are formulated in the language of homogeneous transformation matrices. Then an error matrix to describe the position errors and orientation errors of optical elements is introduced in order to analyze their effects on rays' path. This ray tracing procedure can result in very powerful and fast optical design programs. The error analysis can provide the sensitivity of each error component of elements to a system's accuracy and is crucial to upgrade the precision of optical systems in design stage.     

Effect of reflecting modes on combined heat transfer within an anisotropic scattering slab

Under various interface reflecting modes, different transient thermal responses will occur in the media. Combined radiative-conductive heat transfer is investigated within a participating, anisotropic scattering gray planar slab. The two interfaces of the slab are considered to be diffuse and semitransparent. Using the ray tracing method, an anisotropic scattering radiative transfer model for diffuse reflection at boundaries is set up, and with the help of direct radiative transfer coefficients, corresponding radiative transfer coefficients (RTCs) are deduced. RTCs are used to calculate the radiative source term in energy equation. Transient energy equation is solved by the full implicit control-volume method under the external radiative-convective boundary conditions. The influences of two reflecting modes including both specular reflection and diffuse reflection on transient temperature fields and steady heat flux are examined. According to numerical results obtained in this paper, it is found that there exits great difference in thermal behavior between slabs with diffuse interfaces and that with specular interfaces for slabs with big refractive index.